Central Jersey Legal Services is a nonprofit law firm that provides free legal assistance to low-income residents of Mercer, Middlesex, and Union Counties.

Central Jersey Legal Services is a nonprofit law firm that provides free legal assistance to low-income residents of Mercer, Middlesex, and Union Counties.

Are You ‘Judgment Proof’?- 你是否具有免於判決執行的豁免權?

by Gail Chester, Esq., Dan Rubin, Esq., and LaTanya Harry, Esq. | Apr 10, 2026 | Chinese Articles

Hardship Stay of Eviction: The Worst Named Law in Housing

雖然任何人都有可能被判決敗訴,但當我們說某人 “免於判決執行” (judgment proof),即無力償債時,我們真正的意思是,此人沒有任何收入或財產可以被勝訴方扣押。這是因為新澤西州及聯邦法律規定,即使您因法院判決而負債,某些收入和財產仍受保護,免遭扣押。此類受保護的收入和財產被稱為 “豁免財產” (exempt).

豁免收入與財產的範例包括:

  • 社會保障福利金 (Social Security Benefit) 和補充保障收入福利金 (Supplemental Security Income Benefit, 簡稱SSI)
  • 退伍軍人福利與軍餉
  • 退休金(聯邦、州和私人退休金)
  • 定期退休帳戶付款,例如, 個人退休帳戶 (Individual Retirement Account,簡稱 IRA)
  • 每月最高 500 美元的年金
  • 子女扶養費 (child support) 及配偶贍養費(spousal support)
  • 失業救濟金 (unemployment compensation) 和州殘障福利 (state disability benefits)
  • 工傷賠償 (Worker’s compensation)
  • 犯罪受害者賠償(crime Victim’s compensation)
  • 人壽保險給付 (Life insurance proceeds)
  • 房屋稅退稅 (Homestead rebates)
  • 聯邦緊急事務管理署 (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 簡稱FEMA) 福利
  • 最高 1,000 美元的現金或個人物品

重要的是要了解,上述的資產中有許多並非自動豁免。這意味著,若有人持有對您不利的法院判決,他們有權凍結 (freeze) 或對存有此類福利款項的銀行帳戶實施 ”徵收” (levy),此時,您必須主動向法院提交豁免申請,方能追回這筆資金。只有透過電子轉帳方式存入的聯邦福利款項,例如Social Security,SSI以及退伍軍人福利金才可自動豁免扣押。

聯邦政府支付的款項,例如社會安全金和退伍軍人福利金,會自動存入銀行帳戶,最高金額為每月福利金的兩倍,但僅限於政府電子轉帳的帳戶。如果您將資金轉移到其他帳戶,或累積金額超過每月福利金的兩倍,超出部分仍享有豁免權,但不再自動豁免。這意味著債權人可能會凍結未受保護的金額,您需要透過法律途徑解除凍結。

如果您有豁免收入,而且有人對您提起訴訟,那麼您必須避免將豁免收入與非豁免收入混合在同一個銀行帳戶中。例如,如果您正在領取失業救濟金,則應避免將其他支票或現金存入同一個銀行帳戶,因為如果帳戶被強制執行,將很難追蹤帳戶中究竟有多少豁免資金。

除了從您的銀行帳戶扣款外,持有對您不利判決的人還可以從您的薪水中扣除,抵扣(offset) 或扣押 (garnish) 您的工作薪資。但是,您每週稅後淨收入最高可達 217.50 美元,這部分收入受到保護,不會被扣押。如果您每週的稅後淨收入超過 217.50 美元,那麼判決債權人可以扣押您稅後淨收入的 25% 或稅前總收入的 10%,以較低者為準。

如果您有豁免收入被徵收或扣押 (garnish),請聯絡中部澤西法律服務處,尋求協助以申請豁免。請務必盡快行動,因為一旦資金從您的帳戶中被扣除,您可能就失去了申請豁免的資格。新澤西州法院已製定了可用於申請豁免的表格,表格可在以下網址取得:https://www.njcourts.gov/forms/12323_obj_bank_levy.pdf

重要提示:本文討論的是個人或公司行號 – 如銀行,信用卡公司,醫療機構和債務催收機構等持有的判決。針對州政府和聯邦政府機構的判決及債務,適用不同的規則。這些機構可能能夠抵扣並追討通常豁免的福利金。如果您對欠政府的債務有任何疑問,請聯絡您當地的新澤西州中部法律服務處。

**************************************************************************

如需進一步了解或協助,請聯絡 — 中部澤西法律服務處

遇到法律問題而無法負擔私人律師費用?我們可能可以免費提供法律服務給住在友聯郡 (Union), 密薩斯郡 (Middlesex) 和莫塞郡 (Mercer) 的低收入戶有關民事(非刑事)案件,我們會回答您的問題,並提供建議和自救途徑。或者也可以提供全權的代表服務。

常見的案例類型:1) 住屋: 強制驅離,面臨法拍…等。2)家事法庭:家暴,離婚或分居…等。3) 消費者:破產,債務減免…等。4) 公共福利和就業:SSI,SNAP…等。5) 醫療保險:申請白卡 / 紅藍卡…等。6) 老年人:法定代理人,遺囑信託…等。此外,我們也協助一些其他的法律問題,請致電我們,以了解您是否符合我們的協助條件。我們不受理刑事案件,也不受理如疏忽意外受傷或車禍等案件。Mercer: (609) 695-6249Middlesex: NewBrunswick (732) 249-7600 / PerthAmboy (732) 324-1613Union: (908) 354-4340  我們有講中文的工作人員為您服務,請撥打(732) 249-7600

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On Wednesday, June 3, 2026, CJLS proudly congratulated our volunteer, John R. Gorman, Esq., on being named the 2026 recipient of the Middlesex County Bar Association’s Arthur Miller Lawyer Achievement Award. This prestigious recognition reflects John’s outstanding dedication, professionalism, and commitment to serving the community.

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With your generous support, we’re able to help families, seniors, and more get the justice and support they deserve. centraljerseylegalservices.org/donate-cjls/

#CJLS #LegalAidWorks #AccessToJustice #JusticeForAll #CivilLegalAid #LegalHelp #CommunitySupport #HelpingFamilies #FamilyStability #ChangingLives
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Every year, thousands of New Jerseyans face urgent civil legal problems – like loss of benefits, eviction, homelessness, consumer scams – through no fault of their own. CJLS helps ordinary people who can’t afford a lawyer on their own to navigate our complex legal system and solve those problems. Victor’s story is one example of how legal aid changes lives.

With your generous support, we’re able to help families, seniors, and more get the justice and support they deserve. https://centraljerseylegalservices.org/donate-cjls/

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