Central Jersey Legal Services is a nonprofit law firm that provides free legal assistance to low-income residents of Mercer, Middlesex, and Union Counties.

Central Jersey Legal Services is a nonprofit law firm that provides free legal assistance to low-income residents of Mercer, Middlesex, and Union Counties.

Are You ‘Judgment Proof’?- 你是否具有免於判決執行的豁免權?

by Gail Chester, Esq., Dan Rubin, Esq., and LaTanya Harry, Esq. | Apr 10, 2026 | Chinese Articles

Hardship Stay of Eviction: The Worst Named Law in Housing

雖然任何人都有可能被判決敗訴,但當我們說某人 “免於判決執行” (judgment proof),即無力償債時,我們真正的意思是,此人沒有任何收入或財產可以被勝訴方扣押。這是因為新澤西州及聯邦法律規定,即使您因法院判決而負債,某些收入和財產仍受保護,免遭扣押。此類受保護的收入和財產被稱為 “豁免財產” (exempt).

豁免收入與財產的範例包括:

  • 社會保障福利金 (Social Security Benefit) 和補充保障收入福利金 (Supplemental Security Income Benefit, 簡稱SSI)
  • 退伍軍人福利與軍餉
  • 退休金(聯邦、州和私人退休金)
  • 定期退休帳戶付款,例如, 個人退休帳戶 (Individual Retirement Account,簡稱 IRA)
  • 每月最高 500 美元的年金
  • 子女扶養費 (child support) 及配偶贍養費(spousal support)
  • 失業救濟金 (unemployment compensation) 和州殘障福利 (state disability benefits)
  • 工傷賠償 (Worker’s compensation)
  • 犯罪受害者賠償(crime Victim’s compensation)
  • 人壽保險給付 (Life insurance proceeds)
  • 房屋稅退稅 (Homestead rebates)
  • 聯邦緊急事務管理署 (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 簡稱FEMA) 福利
  • 最高 1,000 美元的現金或個人物品

重要的是要了解,上述的資產中有許多並非自動豁免。這意味著,若有人持有對您不利的法院判決,他們有權凍結 (freeze) 或對存有此類福利款項的銀行帳戶實施 ”徵收” (levy),此時,您必須主動向法院提交豁免申請,方能追回這筆資金。只有透過電子轉帳方式存入的聯邦福利款項,例如Social Security,SSI以及退伍軍人福利金才可自動豁免扣押。

聯邦政府支付的款項,例如社會安全金和退伍軍人福利金,會自動存入銀行帳戶,最高金額為每月福利金的兩倍,但僅限於政府電子轉帳的帳戶。如果您將資金轉移到其他帳戶,或累積金額超過每月福利金的兩倍,超出部分仍享有豁免權,但不再自動豁免。這意味著債權人可能會凍結未受保護的金額,您需要透過法律途徑解除凍結。

如果您有豁免收入,而且有人對您提起訴訟,那麼您必須避免將豁免收入與非豁免收入混合在同一個銀行帳戶中。例如,如果您正在領取失業救濟金,則應避免將其他支票或現金存入同一個銀行帳戶,因為如果帳戶被強制執行,將很難追蹤帳戶中究竟有多少豁免資金。

除了從您的銀行帳戶扣款外,持有對您不利判決的人還可以從您的薪水中扣除,抵扣(offset) 或扣押 (garnish) 您的工作薪資。但是,您每週稅後淨收入最高可達 217.50 美元,這部分收入受到保護,不會被扣押。如果您每週的稅後淨收入超過 217.50 美元,那麼判決債權人可以扣押您稅後淨收入的 25% 或稅前總收入的 10%,以較低者為準。

如果您有豁免收入被徵收或扣押 (garnish),請聯絡中部澤西法律服務處,尋求協助以申請豁免。請務必盡快行動,因為一旦資金從您的帳戶中被扣除,您可能就失去了申請豁免的資格。新澤西州法院已製定了可用於申請豁免的表格,表格可在以下網址取得:https://www.njcourts.gov/forms/12323_obj_bank_levy.pdf

重要提示:本文討論的是個人或公司行號 – 如銀行,信用卡公司,醫療機構和債務催收機構等持有的判決。針對州政府和聯邦政府機構的判決及債務,適用不同的規則。這些機構可能能夠抵扣並追討通常豁免的福利金。如果您對欠政府的債務有任何疑問,請聯絡您當地的新澤西州中部法律服務處。

**************************************************************************

如需進一步了解或協助,請聯絡 — 中部澤西法律服務處

遇到法律問題而無法負擔私人律師費用?我們可能可以免費提供法律服務給住在友聯郡 (Union), 密薩斯郡 (Middlesex) 和莫塞郡 (Mercer) 的低收入戶有關民事(非刑事)案件,我們會回答您的問題,並提供建議和自救途徑。或者也可以提供全權的代表服務。

常見的案例類型:1) 住屋: 強制驅離,面臨法拍…等。2)家事法庭:家暴,離婚或分居…等。3) 消費者:破產,債務減免…等。4) 公共福利和就業:SSI,SNAP…等。5) 醫療保險:申請白卡 / 紅藍卡…等。6) 老年人:法定代理人,遺囑信託…等。此外,我們也協助一些其他的法律問題,請致電我們,以了解您是否符合我們的協助條件。我們不受理刑事案件,也不受理如疏忽意外受傷或車禍等案件。Mercer: (609) 695-6249;Middlesex: NewBrunswick (732) 249-7600 / PerthAmboy (732) 324-1613;Union: (908) 354-4340  我們有講中文的工作人員為您服務,請撥打(732) 249-7600

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Every year, thousands of New Jerseyans face urgent civil legal problems – like loss of benefits, eviction, homelessness, consumer scams – through no fault of their own. CJLS helps ordinary people who can’t afford a lawyer on their own to navigate our complex legal system and solve those problems. Sansa’s story is one example of how legal aid changes lives.

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Every year, thousands of New Jerseyans face urgent civil legal problems – like loss of benefits, eviction, homelessness, consumer scams – through no fault of their own. CJLS helps ordinary people who can’t afford a lawyer on their own to navigate our complex legal system and solve those problems. Sansa’s story is one example of how legal aid changes lives.

#CJLS #LegalAidWorks #AccessToJustice #JusticeForAll #CivilLegalAid #LegalHelp #CommunitySupport #HelpingFamilies #FamilyStability #ChangingLives

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If you live in Mercer, Middlesex, or Union Counties and cant afford an attorney, call Central Jersey Legal Services. Were here to help. 

#TaxForeclosure #HomeownerRights #PropertyRights #NewJerseyHomeowners #ForeclosureHelp #LegalAssistance #LegalAid #KnowYourRights #CentralJerseyLegalServices #CJLS

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