Central Jersey Legal Services is a nonprofit law firm that provides free legal assistance to low-income residents of Mercer, Middlesex, and Union Counties.

Central Jersey Legal Services is a nonprofit law firm that provides free legal assistance to low-income residents of Mercer, Middlesex, and Union Counties.

Why Having a Will Is Essential -為何立下遺囑是必要的

by Jose Roman, Esq. | May 22, 2026 | Chinese Articles, Finances - Chinese, Living Will

Hardship Stay of Eviction: The Worst Named Law in Housing

一般而言,許多人都明白,臨終遺囑 (Last Will and Testament) 決定了其過世後資產的歸屬與處置。然而,令人驚訝的是,仍有為數眾多的成年人,特別是老年人,尚未立下遺囑。原因不盡相同,從不確定該從哪開始到顧慮費用問題,甚至只是出於對死亡的恐懼。無論原因為何,未能立下遺囑可能會為您的摯愛帶來意想不到的後果,包括不必要的費用、程序延宕,以及對重要的個人決定失去控制權。

遺囑的核心作用,在於讓您能夠決定由誰來繼承您的資產,以及在何種條件下進行繼承。若無遺囑,您的遺產將依據您所在州的無遺囑繼承法 (intestacy laws) 進行分配。在紐澤西州,此類法律規定了資產如何根據家庭關係來分配,而不是個人意願。雖然這個系統在簡單的情況下可能有效,但它產生的結果往往無法反映個人的真實意願——尤其是在重組家庭 (blended families) 中 .

在未立遺囑的情況下過世,一個經常被忽略的後果是遺產管理的潛在成本增加,其中包括需要繳納保證金(bond)的要求。當個人在無遺囑的情況下去世, 法院會指派一名遺產管理人來管理其遺產。與遺囑中指定的執行人 (executor) 不同,這類遺產管理人通常需要取得保證金, 一種用來保障受益人權益的保險單。這會為遺產增加不必要的成本。相對地,一份妥善起草的遺囑可以免除擔保要求(bonding requirement),從而為遺產省下金錢,並為您的摯愛簡化流程。

除了成本考量外,在某些常見的人生階段中,預立遺囑尤其重要。舉例來說,如果家中有身心障礙或特殊需求的親人,完善的遺產規劃就非常重要。這類族群中的許多人仰賴需經資產審查(means-tested)的政府福利,例如補充保障收入(SSI)或醫療補助(白卡Medicaid)。直接繼承遺產可能會使他們失去獲得這些福利的資格,從而迫使他們必須先耗盡其繼承的遺產,才能重新取得福利資格。遺囑允許您設立遺囑型特殊需求信託 (Special Needs Trust) ,為身心障礙者持有資產,同時不會影響他們獲得公共援助的資格。

擁有遺囑的另一個重要原因,是能夠刻意排除特定家庭成員。這雖然是不太舒服的話題,但有時卻是必要的。在無遺囑繼承法的規範下,特定的親屬會自動有權獲得您遺產的一部分。若希望剝奪某人的繼承權,您應該在遺囑中明確表達該意願。重組家庭也凸顯了立遺囑的重要性。根據紐澤西州法律,繼子女除非已被合法收養,否則不會自動繼承遺產。這意味著,將繼子女視如己出的人,若不幸在未立遺囑的情況下過世,可能會都能獲得妥善的列入與照顧。

對於有未成年子女的父母而言,遺囑的重要性怎麼強調都不為過。遺囑能讓您指定法定監護人 (guardian),以便在您不幸過世時代替您照顧孩子。若沒有這項指定,家屬可能會爭論應由誰來擔任該職務,從而將決定權交給法院。這可能會導致長期的法律訴訟,且最終結果可能與您的意願不符。

除了指定監護人之外,遺囑還能讓您決定如何管理子女的遺產。您可以指定一位可信任的人士來管理財務,並明確規定您的子女何時以及如何繼承遺產。

遺囑也能為臨終決定,包括葬禮安排和火化,提供明確的指引。透過指定葬禮執行代理人並在遺囑中表達您的意願,您可以減少家人在面對艱難時刻時發生糾紛的可能性。

歸根究底,預立遺囑是為了掌握控制權、確保條理清晰並展現您的關懷。它能讓您對個人遺產做出審慎的安排、降低遺產管理成本,例如免除遺產管理保證金,並保護您的摯愛免於承受不必要的壓力與衝突。雖然沒有單一文件能涵蓋所有可能的情況,但一份經過深思熟慮的遺囑,是確保您的意願受到尊重、並讓家人獲得保障的最重要步驟之一。

本文是由中部澤西法律服務處資深律師Jose Roman, Esq. 撰寫

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Every year, thousands of New Jerseyans face urgent civil legal problems – like loss of benefits, eviction, homelessness, consumer scams – through no fault of their own. CJLS helps ordinary people who can’t afford a lawyer on their own to navigate our complex legal system and solve those problems. Sansa’s story is one example of how legal aid changes lives.

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Every year, thousands of New Jerseyans face urgent civil legal problems – like loss of benefits, eviction, homelessness, consumer scams – through no fault of their own. CJLS helps ordinary people who can’t afford a lawyer on their own to navigate our complex legal system and solve those problems. Sansa’s story is one example of how legal aid changes lives.

#CJLS #LegalAidWorks #AccessToJustice #JusticeForAll #CivilLegalAid #LegalHelp #CommunitySupport #HelpingFamilies #FamilyStability #ChangingLives

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